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---
- oeasy Python 0560
- 这是 oeasy 系统化 Python 教程，从基础一步步讲，扎实、完整、不跳步。愿意花时间学，就能真正学会。
- 本教程同步发布在： 
	- 个人网站： `https://oeasy.org` 
	- 蓝桥云课： `https://www.lanqiao.cn/courses/3584` 
	- GitHub： `https://github.com/overmind1980/oeasy-python-tutorial` 
	- Gitee： `https://gitee.com/overmind1980/oeasypython` 
---

安装环境

回忆

  • 上次 使用selenium模拟了浏览器的行为
    • 模拟了填写表单的过程
      • 可以 填写表单 + 加回车
      • 也可以 填写表单 + 点击按钮
  • 有两种方式可以填写表单
submit_button = driver.find_element(by=By.CSS_SELECTOR, value="button")
text_box = driver.find_element(by=By.NAME, value="my-text")
  • 还有什么其他方法 能够选择元素吗？

先复现环境

  • 安装插件
pip3 install selenium
cd Code
wget https://labfile.oss.aliyuncs.com/courses/3584/geckodriver-v0.35.0-linux64.tar.gz
tar xf geckodriver-v0.35.0-linux64.tar.gz
echo $PATH
sudo cp ./geckodriver /usr/bin
geckodriver
  • 安装驱动和类库

图片描述

  • ctrl + c
    • 结束进程

查看帮助

图片描述

  • 八种传统定位器

构建环境

sudo service nginx start
  • 尝试编辑test.html

图片描述

sudo vi /usr/share/nginx/html/test.html

编辑网页

<html>
<body>
<style>
.information {
  background-color: white;
  color: black;
  padding: 10px;
}
</style>
<h2>Contact Selenium</h2>

<form action="/action_page.php">
  <input type="radio" name="gender" value="m" />Male &nbsp;
  <input type="radio" name="gender" value="f" />Female <br>
  <br>
  <label for="fname">First name:</label><br>
  <input class="information" type="text" id="fname" name="fname" value="Jane"><br><br>
  <label for="lname">Last name:</label><br>
  <input class="information" type="text" id="lname" name="lname" value="Doe"><br><br>
  <label for="newsletter">Newsletter:</label>
  1.<input type="checkbox" name="newsletter" value="1" />
  2.<input type="checkbox" name="newsletter" value="2" /><br><br>
  <input type="submit" value="Submit">
</form> 

<p>To know more about Selenium, visit the official page 
<a href ="www.selenium.dev">Selenium Official Page</a> 
</p>

</body>
</html>

默认页面状态

sudo cp test.html /usr/share/nginx/html
  • 拷贝到nginx目录

图片描述

配置环境

sudo apt update --fix-missing
sudo apt install firefox-geckodriver
pip3 install selenium
  • 安装驱动和类库

八大定位之一 Class Name

from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.firefox.service import Service
from selenium import webdriver
import time
service = Service(executable_path="geckodriver")
driver = webdriver.Firefox(service=service)
driver.get("http://localhost/test.html")
text_box = driver.find_element(By.CLASS_NAME, "information")
text_box.clear()
text_box.send_keys("by class name")
time.sleep(10)
text_box.send_keys(Keys.ENTER)
driver.quit()
  • 使用class Name定位

八大定位之二 使用CSS selector

from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.firefox.service import Service
from selenium import webdriver
import time
service = Service(executable_path="geckodriver")
driver = webdriver.Firefox(service=service)
driver.get("http://localhost/test.html")
text_box = driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, "#fname")
text_box.clear()
text_box.send_keys("by css selector")
time.sleep(10)
text_box.send_keys(Keys.ENTER)
driver.quit()

八大定位之三 使用id

from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.firefox.service import Service
from selenium import webdriver
import time
service = Service(executable_path="geckodriver")
driver = webdriver.Firefox(service=service)
driver.get("http://localhost/test.html")
text_box = driver.find_element(By.ID, "lname")
text_box.clear()
text_box.send_keys("by id ")
time.sleep(10)
text_box.send_keys(Keys.ENTER)
driver.quit()

八大定位之四 使用Name属性

from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.firefox.service import Service
from selenium import webdriver
import time
service = Service(executable_path="geckodriver")
driver = webdriver.Firefox(service=service)
driver.get("http://localhost/test.html")
check_box = driver.find_element(By.NAME, "newsletter")
if not check_box.is_selected():
    check_box.click()
time.sleep(10)
driver.quit()
  • 如果复选框没有选就选择

八大定位之五 使用链接文本

from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.firefox.service import Service
from selenium import webdriver
import time
service = Service(executable_path="geckodriver")
driver = webdriver.Firefox(service=service)
driver.get("http://localhost/test.html")
text  =	driver.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, "Selenium Official Page")
print(text.get_attribute("href"))
print(text.tag_name)
print(text.parent)
print(text.location)
print(text.size)
print(text.text)
driver.quit()

八大定位之六 使用部分链接文本


from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.firefox.service import Service
from selenium import webdriver
import time
service = Service(executable_path="geckodriver")
driver = webdriver.Firefox(service=service)
driver.get("http://localhost/test.html")
text  =	driver.find_element(By.PARTIAL_LINK_TEXT,"Official")
print(text.get_attribute("href"))
print(text.tag_name)
print(text.parent)
print(text.location)
print(text.size)
print(text.text)
text.click()
driver.quit()

八大定位之七 使用tag name

from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.firefox.service import Service
from selenium import webdriver
import time
service = Service(executable_path="geckodriver")
driver = webdriver.Firefox(service=service)
driver.get("http://localhost/test.html")
text = driver.find_element(By.TAG_NAME, "a")
print(text.get_attribute("href"))
print(text.tag_name)
print(text.parent)
print(text.location)
print(text.size)
print(text.text)
text.click()
driver.quit()

八大定位之二 使用XPATH

from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.firefox.service import Service
from selenium import webdriver
import time
service = Service(executable_path="geckodriver")
driver = webdriver.Firefox(service=service)
driver.get("http://localhost/test.html")
input_box = driver.find_element(By.XPATH, "//input[@value='f']")
print(input_box.get_attribute("value"))
input_box.click()
time.sleep(5)
input_box = driver.find_element(By.XPATH, "//input[@value='m']")
print(input_box.get_attribute("value"))
input_box.click()
time.sleep(5)
driver.quit()

选中checkbox中的一个

图片描述

# 定位第一个复选框
first_checkbox = driver.find_element(By.XPATH, '//input[@type="checkbox" and @value="1"]')

# 选中第一个复选框
first_checkbox.click()

# 验证复选框是否被选中
if first_checkbox.is_selected():
    print("第一个复选框已被选中")
else:
    print("第一个复选框未被选中")

总结 🤔

  • 这次了解了8大定位

图片描述

  • 定位了元素之后可以做哪些操作呢？
  • 下次再说👋
  • 本文来自 oeasy Python 系统教程。
  • 想完整、扎实学 Python，
  • 搜索 oeasy 即可。